Jan 6, 2019 · While antiderivative, primitive, and indefinite integral are synonymous in the United States, other languages seem not to have any equivalent terms for antiderivative. As others …

Jun 26, 2024 · 1 Based on the comments, a primitive central idempotent is a central idempotent that cannot be written as a sum of two central orthogonal idempotents. If we define that a …

Apr 10, 2024 · We fix the primitive roots of unity of order $7,11,13$, and denote them by $$ \tag {*} \zeta_7,\zeta_ {11},\zeta_ {13}\ . $$ Now we want to take each primitive root of prime order …

May 16, 2023 · How would you find a primitive root of a prime number such as 761? How do you pick the primitive roots to test? Randomly? Thanks

The important fact is that the only numbers $n$ that have primitive roots modulo $n$ are of the form $2^\varepsilon p^m$, where $\varepsilon$ is either $0$ or $1$, $p$ is an odd prime, and …

Hence $2$ has order $12$ modulo 13 and is therefore a primitive root modulo $13$. Now note all even powers of $2$ can't be primitive roots as they are squares modulo $13$. $ (*)$

Jun 6, 2016 · 2 Primes have not just one primitive root, but many. So you find the first primitive root by taking any number, calculating its powers until the result is 1, and if p = 13 you must …

Aug 12, 2025 · For questions about primitive roots in modular arithmetic, index calculus, and applications in cryptography. For questions about primitive roots of unity, use the (roots-of …

Sep 1, 2015 · I have read that, but essentially what I want to know is, can a primitive root be defined in a simpler, easier to understand way? For my level of mathematics, some of the …

Here's a proof showing why Ackermann's function is not primitive recursive. The key to showing that A is not primitive recursive, is to find a properties shared by all primitive recursive …